Drinking water in Talheim
There are 2 places with this name — listed below by area. To determine the exact match, look up the postcode.
How to read the share of the parametric value
12 % Share of the parametric value. The proportion of the permitted maximum that the measured value uses — here 12 %, so just over an eighth.
< 10 % * Below the limit of quantification. The substance was not detectable. The mark shows where the detection limit lies relative to the parametric value — the actual share of the parametric value is below that.
Several samples per year: for chemical parameters the mean value is given, for microbiological ones the highest measured value. There the parametric value is zero — a single finding would disappear in the average, and it is precisely that finding which is the information. Which reference applies is stated in the last column of the table.
Talheim (74388)
Wasserwerk Sipplinger Berg
Zweckverband Bodensee-WasserversorgungAssigned via the water supplier — the exact supply zone boundary within the postcode is not yet linked.
These values are more than a year old. The most recent analysis the water supplier has published for this zone dates from 31/12/2020. We have no newer values — which is why we show the latest available ones rather than none at all. They say nothing about how the water has changed since then.
Water hardness
Hardness range mittel
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate | 4,0 mg/L | 50 mg/l | 8 % | Mean |
| Lead | <0,0005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 10 µg/l | < 5 % * | Mean |
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | n.n. Anzahl/100 mL not detectable | 0/100 ml | — | Mean |
| Sulphate | 34 mg/L | 250 mg/l | 14 % | Mean |
| Sodium | 5,6 mg/L | 200 mg/l | 3 % | Mean |
* Value below the limit of quantification: the actual share of the parametric value is not known; it lies somewhere below the stated upper bound. The marker shows where the limit of quantification of the measurement lies relative to the parametric value.
Show all recorded parameters (69 — most recent value per parameter)
Microbiology (2)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | n.n. Anzahl/100 mL not detectable | 0/100 ml | — | Mean |
| Intestinal enterococci | n.n. Anzahl/100 mL not detectable | 0/100 ml | — | Mean |
Chemical parameters (34)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2-dichloroethane | < 0,0003 mg/L below limit of quantification | 3 µg/l | < 10 % * | Mean |
| Acrylamide | n.d. mg/L not determined | 0.1 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Antimony | 0,00011 mg/L | 5 µg/l | 2 % | Mean |
| Arsenic | 0,00062 mg/L | 10 µg/l | 6 % | Mean |
| Benzene | < 0,00025 mg/L below limit of quantification | 1 µg/l | < 25 % * | Mean |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | < 0,0000025 mg/L below limit of quantification | 10 ng/l | < 25 % * | Mean |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | < 0,00001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Benzo(ghi)perylene | < 0,00001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | < 0,00001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Boron | 0,011 mg/L | 1 mg/l | 1 % | Mean |
| Bromate | 0,0034 mg/L | 10 µg/l | 34 % | Mean |
| Bromodichloromethane | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Cadmium | < 0,00005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 3 µg/l | < 2 % * | Mean |
| Chromium | 0,00012 mg/L | 25 µg/l | 0.5 % | Mean |
| Copper | 0,00042 mg/L | 2 mg/l | < 0.1 % | Mean |
| Cyanide | < 0,002 mg/L below limit of quantification | 50 µg/l | < 4 % * | Mean |
| Dibromochloromethane | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Epichlorohydrin | n.d. mg/L not determined | 0.1 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Fluoride | 0,10 mg/L | 1.5 mg/l | 7 % | Mean |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | < 0,00001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Lead | <0,0005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 10 µg/l | < 5 % * | Mean |
| Mercury | < 0,00005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 1 µg/l | < 5 % * | Mean |
| Nickel | < 0,0005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 20 µg/l | < 3 % * | Mean |
| Nitrate | 4,0 mg/L | 50 mg/l | 8 % | Mean |
| Nitrite | < 0,005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 0.5 mg/l | < 1 % * | Mean |
| Pesticides — Total | n.n. mg/L not detectable | 0.5 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | n.n. mg/L not detectable | 0.1 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Selenium | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | 10 µg/l | < 10 % * | Mean |
| Tetrachloroethene and Trichloroethene (sum) | n.n. mg/L not detectable | 10 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Tribromomethane (bromoform) | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Trichloromethane (chloroform) | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Trihalomethanes — Total | n.n. mg/L not detectable | 50 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Uranium | 0,0010 mg/L | 10 µg/l | 10 % | Mean |
| Vinyl chloride | n.d. mg/L not determined | 0.5 µg/l | — | Mean |
* Value below the limit of quantification: the actual share of the parametric value is not known; it lies somewhere below the stated upper bound. The marker shows where the limit of quantification of the measurement lies relative to the parametric value.
Indicator parameters (18)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | < 0,010 mg/L below limit of quantification | 0.2 mg/l | < 5 % * | Mean |
| Ammonium | < 0,010 mg/L below limit of quantification | 0.5 mg/l | < 2 % * | Mean |
| Calcite dissolution capacity | -3,4 mg/L CaCo₃ | 5 mg/l CaCO3 | — | Mean |
| Chloride | 7,7 mg/L | 250 mg/l | 3 % | Mean |
| Coliform bacteria | n.n. Anzahl/100 mL not detectable | 0/100 ml | — | Mean |
| Colony count 22 °C | n.n. Anzahl/mL not detectable | ohne anormale Veränderung | — | Mean |
| Colony count 36 °C | n.n. Anzahl/mL not detectable | ohne anormale Veränderung | — | Mean |
| Colour | < 0,020 1/m below limit of quantification | 0.5 m⁻¹ | — | Mean |
| Conductivity (25 °C) | 336 µS/cm | 2,790 µS/cm | — | Mean |
| Iron | 0,0056 mg/L | 0.2 mg/l | 3 % | Mean |
| Manganese | < 0,0005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 50 µg/l | < 1 % * | Mean |
| Odour | 1 bei 25°C TON | für den Verbraucher annehmbar | — | Mean |
| pH | 8,01 / 8°C pH-Einheiten | 6,5–9,5 | — | Mean |
| Sodium | 5,6 mg/L | 200 mg/l | 3 % | Mean |
| Sulphate | 34 mg/L | 250 mg/l | 14 % | Mean |
| Taste | neutral | für den Verbraucher annehmbar | — | Mean |
| Total organic carbon (TOC) | 0,93 mg/L | ohne anormale Veränderung | — | Mean |
| Turbidity | < 0,05 NTU below limit of quantification | 1 NTU | — | Mean |
* Value below the limit of quantification: the actual share of the parametric value is not known; it lies somewhere below the stated upper bound. The marker shows where the limit of quantification of the measurement lies relative to the parametric value.
Radiology (4)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross alpha activity | 0,040 Bq/L | — | — | Mean |
| Indicative dose | n.d. mSv/Jahr not determined | 0.1 mSv/a | — | Mean |
| Radon-222 | < 0,10 Bq/L below limit of quantification | 100 Bq/l | — | Mean |
| Tritium | n.d. Bq/L not determined | 100 Bq/l | — | Mean |
Further parameters (11)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barium | 0,025 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Calcium | 50 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Carbonate hardness | 7,17 °dH | — | — | Mean |
| Hardness range (WRMG) | mittel | — | — | Mean |
| Lithium | 0,0021 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Magnesium | 8,5 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Oxygen | 16,8 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Phosphate | < 0,003 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Potassium | 1,4 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Silicate / silicic acid | 1,7 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Strontium | 0,47 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
Values taken unchanged from the publications linked below — for each parameter the most recent recorded value. „—" in the parametric value column: no currently valid legal parametric value is stored in our database for this parameter; the parameter register with all parametric values is being expanded continuously.
Source: https://www.bodensee-wasserversorgung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Jahresmittelwerte_2020_V02.pdf · Jahresmittelwerte 2020 · retrieved on 08/07/2026
Postcodes in this zone: 74388
Show 2 more supply zones
Wasserwerk Sipplinger Berg
Zweckverband Bodensee-WasserversorgungAssigned via the water supplier — the exact supply zone boundary within the postcode is not yet linked.
Water hardness
Hardness range mittel
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sum of PFAS | 0,000005 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Nitrate | 3,9 mg/L | 50 mg/l | 8 % | Mean |
| Lead | <0,0005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 10 µg/l | < 5 % * | Mean |
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | n.n. Anzahl/100 mL not detectable | 0/100 ml | — | Mean |
| Sulphate | 34 mg/L | 250 mg/l | 14 % | Mean |
| Sodium | 5,4 mg/L | 200 mg/l | 3 % | Mean |
* Value below the limit of quantification: the actual share of the parametric value is not known; it lies somewhere below the stated upper bound. The marker shows where the limit of quantification of the measurement lies relative to the parametric value.
Show all recorded parameters (97 — most recent value per parameter)
Microbiology (2)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | n.n. Anzahl/100 mL not detectable | 0/100 ml | — | Mean |
| Intestinal enterococci | n.n. Anzahl/100 mL not detectable | 0/100 ml | — | Mean |
Chemical parameters (39)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2-dichloroethane | < 0,0003 mg/L below limit of quantification | 3 µg/l | < 10 % * | Mean |
| Antimony | 0,00011 mg/L | 5 µg/l | 2 % | Mean |
| Arsenic | 0,00061 mg/L | 10 µg/l | 6 % | Mean |
| Benzene | < 0,00025 mg/L below limit of quantification | 1 µg/l | < 25 % * | Mean |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | < 0,0000025 mg/L below limit of quantification | 10 ng/l | < 25 % * | Mean |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | < 0,00001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Benzo(ghi)perylene | < 0,00001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | < 0,00001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Bisphenol A | <0,0001 mg/L below limit of quantification | 2.5 µg/l | < 4 % * | Mean |
| Boron | 0,011 mg/L | 1 mg/l | 1 % | Mean |
| Bromate | 0,0021 mg/L | 10 µg/l | 21 % | Mean |
| Bromodichloromethane | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Cadmium | < 0,00005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 3 µg/l | < 2 % * | Mean |
| Chlorate | <0,003 mg/L below limit of quantification | 70 µg/l | < 4 % * | Mean |
| Chromium | 0,00012 mg/L | 25 µg/l | 0.5 % | Mean |
| Copper | 0,00036 mg/L | 2 mg/l | < 0.1 % | Mean |
| Cyanide | < 0,002 mg/L below limit of quantification | 50 µg/l | < 4 % * | Mean |
| Dibromoacetic acid | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Dibromochloromethane | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Dichloroacetic acid | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Fluoride | 0,1 mg/L | 1.5 mg/l | 7 % | Mean |
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | < 0,00001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Lead | <0,0005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 10 µg/l | < 5 % * | Mean |
| Mercury | < 0,00005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 1 µg/l | < 5 % * | Mean |
| Microcystin-LR | <0,0001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Monobromoacetic acid | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Monochloroacetic acid | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Nickel | 0,0005 mg/L | 20 µg/l | 3 % | Mean |
| Nitrate | 3,9 mg/L | 50 mg/l | 8 % | Mean |
| Nitrite | < 0,005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 0.5 mg/l | < 1 % * | Mean |
| Pesticides | < 0,00005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 0.1 µg/l | < 50 % * | Mean |
| Pesticides — Total | n.n. mg/L not detectable | 0.5 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | n.n. mg/L not detectable | 0.1 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Selenium | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | 10 µg/l | < 10 % * | Mean |
| Tetrachloroethene and Trichloroethene (sum) | n.n. mg/L not detectable | 10 µg/l | — | Mean |
| Tribromomethane (bromoform) | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Trichloroacetic acid | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Trichloromethane (chloroform) | < 0,001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Uranium | 0,0011 mg/L | 10 µg/l | 11 % | Mean |
* Value below the limit of quantification: the actual share of the parametric value is not known; it lies somewhere below the stated upper bound. The marker shows where the limit of quantification of the measurement lies relative to the parametric value.
PFAS (21)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) | 0,000002 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorodecane sulfonic acid (PFDS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorododecane sulfonic acid (PFDoDS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid (PFHpS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) | 0,000001 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorononane sulfonic acid (PFNS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) | 0,000001 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid (PFPeS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) | 0,000001 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorotridecanesulfonic acid (PFTrDS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluoroundecanesulfonic acid (PFUnDS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Sum of PFAS | 0,000005 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
Indicator parameters (19)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | < 0,010 mg/L below limit of quantification | 0.2 mg/l | < 5 % * | Mean |
| Ammonium | < 0,010 mg/L below limit of quantification | 0.5 mg/l | < 2 % * | Mean |
| Calcite dissolution capacity | -3,2 mg/L CaCo3 | 5 mg/l CaCO3 | — | Mean |
| Chloride | 7,6 mg/L | 250 mg/l | 3 % | Mean |
| Coliform bacteria | n.n. Anzahl/100 mL not detectable | 0/100 ml | — | Mean |
| Colony count 22 °C | n.n. Anzahl/mL not detectable | ohne anormale Veränderung | — | Mean |
| Colony count 36 °C | n.n. Anzahl/mL not detectable | ohne anormale Veränderung | — | Mean |
| Colour | < 0,020 1/m below limit of quantification | 0.5 m⁻¹ | — | Mean |
| Conductivity (25 °C) | 338 µS/cm | 2,790 µS/cm | — | Mean |
| Iron | 0,005 mg/L | 0.2 mg/l | 3 % | Mean |
| Manganese | < 0,0005 mg/L below limit of quantification | 50 µg/l | < 1 % * | Mean |
| Odour | ohne | für den Verbraucher annehmbar | — | Mean |
| Oxidisability | n.d. mg/L O2 not determined | 5 mg/l O2 | — | Mean |
| pH | 7,99 / 7,3°C pH-Einheiten | 6,5–9,5 | — | Mean |
| Sodium | 5,4 mg/L | 200 mg/l | 3 % | Mean |
| Sulphate | 34 mg/L | 250 mg/l | 14 % | Mean |
| Taste | neutral | für den Verbraucher annehmbar | — | Mean |
| Total organic carbon (TOC) | 1,08 mg/L | ohne anormale Veränderung | — | Mean |
| Turbidity | < 0,05 NTU below limit of quantification | 1 NTU | — | Mean |
* Value below the limit of quantification: the actual share of the parametric value is not known; it lies somewhere below the stated upper bound. The marker shows where the limit of quantification of the measurement lies relative to the parametric value.
Radiology (2)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radon-222 | 0,1 Bq/L | 100 Bq/l | — | Mean |
| Tritium | <5 Bq/L below limit of quantification | 100 Bq/l | — | Mean |
Further parameters (14)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acid capacity to pH 4.3 | 2,60 mmol/L | — | — | Mean |
| Barium | 0,026 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Calcium | 51 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Carbonate hardness | 7,28 °dH | — | — | Mean |
| Hardness range (WRMG) | mittel | — | — | Mean |
| Lithium | 0,0021 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Magnesium | 8,5 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Oxygen | 16,7 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Phosphate | < 0,003 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean |
| Potassium | 1,3 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Silicate / silicic acid | 1,8 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Spectral absorption coefficient 254 nm (SAC 254) | 1,2 1/m | — | — | Mean |
| Strontium | 0,47 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
| Vanadium | 0,000081 mg/L | — | — | Mean |
Values taken unchanged from the publications linked below — for each parameter the most recent recorded value. „—" in the parametric value column: no currently valid legal parametric value is stored in our database for this parameter; the parameter register with all parametric values is being expanded continuously.
Source: https://www.albstadtwerke.de/fileadmin/media/_downloads/asw/unserangebot/wasser/BWV_Pruefbericht_Trinkwasserqualitaet_2025.pdf · Jahresmittelwerte 2025 · retrieved on 27/07/2026
Postcodes in this zone: 74388
Summe PFAS-4
Zweckverband Bodensee-WasserversorgungAssigned via the water supplier — the exact supply zone boundary within the postcode is not yet linked.
No core values are available for this zone yet.
Show all recorded parameters (4 — most recent value per parameter)
PFAS (4)
| Parameter | Value | Parametric value | Share of the parametric value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean · Summe PFAS-4 |
| Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean · Summe PFAS-4 |
| Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) | 0,000001 mg/L | — | — | Mean · Summe PFAS-4 |
| Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) | < 0,000001 mg/L below limit of quantification | — | — | Mean · Summe PFAS-4 |
Values taken unchanged from the publications linked below — for each parameter the most recent recorded value. „—" in the parametric value column: no currently valid legal parametric value is stored in our database for this parameter; the parameter register with all parametric values is being expanded continuously.
Source: https://www.albstadtwerke.de/fileadmin/media/_downloads/asw/unserangebot/wasser/BWV_Pruefbericht_Trinkwasserqualitaet_2025.pdf · Jahresmittelwerte 2025 · retrieved on 27/07/2026
Postcodes in this zone: 74388
Frequently asked questions about drinking water in Talheim
- How hard is the water in Talheim?
- Zweckverband Bodensee-Wasserversorgung publishes the hardness range mittel for the supply zone Wasserwerk Sipplinger Berg. The hardness range is a classification under the German Detergents and Cleaning Products Act (soft below 8,4 °dH, medium 8,4 to 14 °dH, hard above that) and not a quality verdict — it indicates how much calcium and magnesium is dissolved in the water. Basis: Publication by the water supplier, retrieved on 08/07/2026.
- How much nitrate is in the drinking water in Talheim?
- Zweckverband Bodensee-Wasserversorgung publishes a nitrate value of 4,0 mg/L for the supply zone Wasserwerk Sipplinger Berg. The statutory parametric value is 50 mg/l; the measured value represents 8 % of the parametric value. Basis: Publication by the water supplier, retrieved on 08/07/2026.
- Who supplies the drinking water in Talheim?
- Zweckverband Bodensee-Wasserversorgung. The values shown here come from the supply zone Wasserwerk Sipplinger Berg and apply to the water the supplier delivers. What happens between the building connection and the tap — in old lead pipes, for example — is not covered by these analyses; information on that is provided by owners, the health authority or an examination by an accredited laboratory.
General questions — how current the data is, limit of quantification, parametric values, who is behind this site — are answered under Questions & answers.
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For postcode 78607 there is no verified assignment yet.